You need to know all your
Outlook account information and configure it properly. But that won't help you depending on if things are setup right in the Exchange Server.
The only realistic thing to do is to contact your IT department and get them to fix it. And make sure to keep contacting them everytime there's a problem. Contact them daily. Or hourly. Soak up all their time with Outlook and Exchange problems so that they have no time for anything else.
Eventually they'll get angry enough to demand that the management fork out the cash for software that works properly and doesn't require so much support time from them.
That's the real solution to the problem.
If you've got REAL information for a REAL email server (i.e. Not Exchange), then you can simply enter the email account and server info as normal. That's all straight-forward.